Counting in Esperanto

[Donald J. Harlow]

If you need the number zero (0), the Esperanto word is "nulo"

Number one (1) is "unu". You can also add the plural ending -J to this
numeral ("unuj") to make a word meaning "a few, several", although this is
not commonly done today.

The remaining numerals through ten (10) are:

"du" = 2
"tri" = 3
"kvar" = 4
"kvin" = 5
"ses" = 6
"sep" = 7
"ok" = 8
"naŭ" = 9
"dek" = 10

To make 11-19, simply append the correct numeral to "dek":

"dek-unu" = 11
"dek-du" = 12
"dek-tri" = 13

EXERCISE: Count from 14 through 19.

To make 20, we simply say "two tens":

"dudek" = 20

And to count beyond that, up to 29, we simply add the corrrect numeral, as
we did with the teens.

"dudek-unu" = 21
"dudek-du" = 22
"dudek-tri" = 23

EXERCISE: Count from 24 through 99.

The numeral for 100 is "cent". Counting from 100 to 999 is analogous to
counting from 10 to 99.

"cent-unu" = 101
"cent-dudek-unu" = 121
"tricent-kvardek-du" = 342

EXERCISE: Choose 20 numerals between 100 and 999 and give them in Esperanto.

The numeral for 1000 is "mil". Counting from 1000 to 9999 is analogous to
counting from 100 to 999.

"mil-unu" = 1001
"mil-naŭcent-kvardek-du" = 1942
"dumil-sep" = 2007

EXERCISE: Choose 20 numerals between 1000 and 9999 and give them in
Esperanto.

Counting from 10,000 to 999,999 is similar, but you have to prefix "mil"
with the appropriate relatively long numeral:

"dekmil" = 10,000
"dudek-tri-mil-tricent-dudek-kvar" = 23,324
"tricent-tridek-tri-mil-kvarcent-kvindek-ses" = 333,456

EXERCISE: Choose 20 numerals between 10,000 and 999,999 and give them in
Esperanto.

There's another way of counting that is perhaps more suitable for the
vegetable and fruit market; but it will become important when we go over a
million later on. Namely, you can add the noun ending -O to the given
numeral, followed by the preposition "da" (a measure of size or amount):

dek-du katoj = 12 cats
dekduo da katoj = a dozen (of) cats

This isn't particularly recommended for small figures (999,999 or smaller)
but you will find it useful when you go over a million.

--
-- Don HARLOW
http://www.webcom.com/~donh/don/don.html
http://donh.best.vwh.net/Esperanto/

[Ken John Rolls]

Estimataj Donaldo kaj chiuj,
From: Ken John Rolls (Delete x..x..x from my email address.)

Post by Donald J. Harlow
"dek-unu" = 11
"dek-du" = 12
"dek-tri" = 13

********************************************
KJR: My understanding is that there is no hyphen in the cardinal numbers,
11, 12, 13 etc.
dek unu = 11, dek du = 12, dek tri = 13, etc.
BUT, there is a hyphen in the ordinal numbers: dek-unua = 11th, dek-dua =
12th, dek-tria = 13th, etc.,
BECAUSE: "la dek unuaj konkurantoj = the ten first (-placed) competitors"
(in ten heats)
and: "la dek-unuaj konkurantoj = the eleventh (placed) competitors". This
could be a (small) team, as in doubles tennis.
The same applies to "dudek unu = 21, dudek-una = 21st", as added below,
after the *******
(I am not saying that I am right. I am merely saying that this is my
understanding.)
______________________________________________________

Post by Donald J. Harlow
"dudek" = 20
And to count beyond that, up to 29, we simply add the corrrect numeral, as
we did with the teens.
"dudek-unu" = 21 ******* KJR: "dudek unu" = 21, but "dudek-unua" = 21st
"dudek-du" = 22 ******* KJR: "dudek du" = 22, but "dudek-dua" = 22nd
"dudek-tri" = 23 ******* KJR: "dudek tri" = 23, but "dudek-tria" =
23rd
EXERCISE: Count from 24 through 99.
The numeral for 100 is "cent". Counting from 100 to 999 is analogous to
counting from 10 to 99.
"cent-unu" = 101 ******* KJR: "cent unu" = 101, but
"cent-unua" = 101st
"cent-dudek-unu" = 121 ******* KJR: "cent dudek unu" = 121, but
"cent-dudek-unua" = 121st
"tricent-kvardek-du" = 342 ******* KJR: "tricent kvardek du" = 342,
but "tricent-kvardek-dua" = 342nd
EXERCISE: Choose 20 numerals between 100 and 999 and give them in Esperanto.
The numeral for 1000 is "mil". Counting from 1000 to 9999 is analogous to
counting from 100 to 999.
"mil-unu" = 1001
"mil-naucent-kvardek-du" = 1942
"dumil-sep" = 2007
EXERCISE: Choose 20 numerals between 1000 and 9999 and give them in
Esperanto.

***********************************
KJR: For numbers up to 9999, each digit is represented by one word.
unu = 1, dudek tri = 23, kvarcent kvindek ses = 456, naumil okcent sepdek
ses = 9876.
"Nulo" = 0 is usually omitted in words. 9070 = naumil sepdek. (With a
breve above the "u" in "nau".)
___________________________________

Post by Donald J. Harlow
Counting from 10,000 to 999,999 is similar, but you have to prefix "mil"
"dekmil" = 10,000 ******* KJR: Or "dek mil" = 10,000 (I have seen
both used. There is no danger of misunderstanding.)
"dudek-tri-mil-tricent-dudek-kvar" = 23,324 ************ KJR: "dudek
tri mil tricent dudek kvar" = 23,324

************
Note: 6 words, 6 symbols in you include the comma!!!

Post by Donald J. Harlow
"tricent-tridek-tri-mil-kvarcent-kvindek-ses" = 333,456
EXERCISE: Choose 20 numerals between 10,000 and 999,999 and give them in
Esperanto.
There's another way of counting that is perhaps more suitable for the
vegetable and fruit market; but it will become important when we go over a
million later on. Namely, you can add the noun ending -O to the given
dek-du katoj = 12 cats
dekduo da katoj = a dozen (of) cats
This isn't particularly recommended for small figures (999,999 or smaller)
but you will find it useful when you go over a million.
--
-- Don HARLOW
http://www.webcom.com/~donh/don/don.html
http://donh.best.vwh.net/Esperanto/

[Ken John Rolls]

Estimataj chiuj,
Chu iu povas respondi al mia mesagho? Kiel mi diris, "I am not saying that
I am right. I am merely saying that this is my understanding."
Amike,
Ken John Rolls
_________________________________

Post by Ken John Rolls
Estimataj Donaldo kaj chiuj,
From: Ken John Rolls (Delete x..x..x from my email address.)

Post by Donald J. Harlow
"dek-unu" = 11
"dek-du" = 12
"dek-tri" = 13

********************************************
KJR: My understanding is that there is no hyphen in the cardinal numbers,
11, 12, 13 etc.
dek unu = 11, dek du = 12, dek tri = 13, etc.
BUT, there is a hyphen in the ordinal numbers: dek-unua = 11th, dek-dua =
12th, dek-tria = 13th, etc.,
BECAUSE: "la dek unuaj konkurantoj = the ten first (-placed) competitors"
(in ten heats)
and: "la dek-unuaj konkurantoj = the eleventh (placed) competitors".
This could be a (small) team, as in doubles tennis.
The same applies to "dudek unu = 21, dudek-una = 21st", as added below,
after the *******
(I am not saying that I am right. I am merely saying that this is my
understanding.)
et cetera. KJR.

_____________________________________________________

Post by Ken John Rolls

Post by Donald J. Harlow
--
-- Don HARLOW
http://www.webcom.com/~donh/don/don.html
http://donh.best.vwh.net/Esperanto/

[Stefano MAC:GREGOR]

Post by Donald J. Harlow
There's another way of counting that is perhaps more suitable for the
vegetable and fruit market; but it will become important when we go over a
million later on. Namely, you can add the noun ending -O to the given
dek-du katoj = 12 cats
dekduo da katoj = a dozen (of) cats
This isn't particularly recommended for small figures (999,999 or smaller)
but you will find it useful when you go over a million.

I recommend the "umuo da" form when the number is an integral multiple
of a million, and the standard numeral form most of the rest of the
time.

I expound on this a bit on my web site (http://steve-and-pattie.com/
esperantujo/punct.html#num), and explain how to pronounce any whole
number with six million or fewer digits.

Scroll down one screen to get to the part where the program will spell
out any number (less than a hundred trillion) that you choose.

--
Stefano
http://www.steve-and-pattie.com/esperantujo